Xiaoyi Zhang, Xinjue Hu, Ling Zhong, Shervin Shirmohammadi, Lin Zhang
DOI 10.1109/TCSVT.2018.2886805
Scenario
- A group of mobile users are watching a 360 video
- The users are physically close enough to form a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)
Problem
- Multiple non-cooperative (independent) streaming clients are likely suffering from network congestion and quality fluctuation
- The naive cooperative scheme would result in high redundancy
Research question
- How to design a cooperative streaming method that can reduce the redundancy and increase the QoE for the group of users?
Proposed method
- The tiles are encoded using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) standard into multiple quality layers.
- A tile version (i.e., SVC layer) will be downloaded from a specific user via the user's cellular network, then be shared to other users via the MANET
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2. HTTP/2-Based Streaming Solutions for Tiled Omnidirectional Videos
Orange Labs, France
2018 IEEE ISM DOI: 10.1109/ISM.2018.00023
Scenario
- A single user watching a 360 video over the network
- Tiling-based Viewport Adaptive Streaming is used for video transmission
Research question
- How to deal with errors in viewport positions estimation?
Proposed Method
- For each video segment:
- Step 1: Estimate the future viewport positions, decide the tiles' versions, then send requests for to the server.
- Step 2: Re-estimate the future viewport positions, update the tiles' version using HTTP/2's stream termination and stream priorities features.
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3. Efficient Live and on-Demand Tiled HEVC 360 VR Video Streaming
ForzaSys AS, Norway
2018 IEEE ISM DOI: 10.1109/ISM.2018.00022
Scenario
- Live streaming system for 360 video
Research Question
- How to design an effective live streaming system for 360 video?
- Using tiling feature of HEVC standard to combine multiple tiles into a single HEVC-compliant video
- Combining RTP and DASH. RTP is used for live streaming and broadcast, whereas DASH supports on-demand case
- Single HEVC hardware decoder
Performance
- Achieving a frame rate of >30fps for both 2K and 6K videos on a Samsung Galaxy S7 in a Wifi network
4. Edge-Assisted Rendering of 360-degree Videos Streamed to Head-Mounted Virtual Reality
National Tsing Hua University
2018 IEEE ISM DOI: 10.1109/ISM.2018.00016
Scenario
- Streaming 360 videos to heterogeneous Head-Mounted Display (HMD) devices
- Decoding 360 video in real-time requires high computation powers (e.g., GPU). This make it difficult for lightweight HMDs to process 360 video
- 360 videos consume a lot of network bandwidth
Research Question
- How to effectively reduce bandwidth consumption and support heterogeneous HMD devcies?
- Tiling-based streaming to reduce bandwidth consumption
- Viewport rendering is performed by edge servers to reduce the computational workload on the HMDs
- An optimization framework to determine which HMDs should be severed by the edge servers.
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5. Optimal Multi-Quality Multicast for 360 Virtual Reality Video
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
arXiv:1901.02203
Scenario
- Multiple users are watching a 360-degree video
- Unicast streaming results in high redundancy, e.g., a tile visible by 2 users will be requested 2 times.
- Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based transmission
- multicast for overlapping tiles among users
- unicast for other tiles
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6. A Robust Algorithm for Tile-based 360-degree Video Streaming with Uncertain FoV Estimation
Indiana University
arXiv:1812.00816v1
Scenario
- A single user watching a 360 video over the network
- Tiling-based Viewport Adaptive Streaming is used for video transmission
Problem
- How to deal with uncertainty (i.e., errors) in FoV (i.e., viewport position) estimation
Proposed Method
- Utilizing the viewing probability of different tiles
- Ensuring the probability that the streaming rate is below a certain level
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